CLASS 10TH BEAUTY AND WELLNESS - ACTION OF THE FACIAL NECK AND SHOULDER MUSCLES - UNIT 1 SESSION 2

 ACTION OF THE FACIAL NECK AND SHOULDER MUSCLES 

TYPES OF MUSCLES 

1. Cardiac Muscles

- Cardiac muscles are found only in the heart.

- They are involuntary and striated in nature, meaning they function without conscious control but show striping patterns.

- Their main function is to contract rhythmically and continuously, enabling the heart to pump blood throughout the body.

- They contain one or more centrally placed nuclei and are highly resistant to fatigue.

2. Skeletal Muscles

- Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and help in voluntary body movements.

- They are voluntary and striated, meaning they work under conscious control.

- These muscles are long, cylindrical, multinucleated, and arranged in bundles.

- Functions include walking, running, speaking, facial expressions, posture, and all body actions.

Example: Muscles of face, neck, and shoulders.

3. Smooth Muscles

- Smooth muscles are found in the walls of internal organs such as stomach, intestines, - urinary bladder, and blood vessels.

- They are involuntary and non-striated, which means they are not under conscious control and lack striping patterns.

- They are spindle-shaped with a single nucleus.

- Functions include digestion, controlling diameter of blood vessels, and respiration-related actions.

Muscles of Face, Neck and Shoulders

Facial Muscles

1. Frontalis – located on the forehead; helps raise the eyebrows and wrinkle the forehead.

2. Orbicularis Oculi – surrounds the eye; helps in blinking and closing the eyelids.

3. Orbicularis Oris – encircles the mouth; allows movements such as puckering and closing lips.

4. Zygomaticus Major and Minor – extend from the cheekbone to the mouth; responsible for smiling.

5. Buccinator – located in the cheek; assists in chewing, blowing, and whistling.

Neck Muscles

1. Sternocleidomastoid – runs from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process; helps in turning and bending the head.

2. Platysma – thin sheet-like muscle; stretches the skin of the neck and helps in expressing emotions.

3. Trapezius (upper part) – covers the back of the neck and upper shoulders; supports head movement and shoulder elevation.

Shoulder Muscles

1. Deltoid – triangular muscle covering the shoulder; responsible for lifting the arm and giving rounded shape to the shoulder.

2. Trapezius – extends from neck to shoulder and back; stabilizes and moves the scapula, assists in tilting the head.

3. Rhomboid Muscles – located between the scapula and spine; help retract the scapula and maintain posture.

General Body Movements

1. Flexion

Bending movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Example: Bending the elbow or knee.

2. Extension

Straightening movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

Example: Straightening the arm or leg.

3. Abduction

Moving a body part away from the midline of the body.

Example: Raising the arm sideways.

4. Adduction

Moving a body part toward the body’s midline.

Example: Bringing the arm back to the side.

5. Rotation

Circular movement of a body part around its own axis.

Example: Turning the head side to side.

Questions and Answers

Q1. What are cardiac muscles? Write one function.

Answer: Cardiac muscles are involuntary striated muscles found only in the heart. Their main function is to contract rhythmically and pump blood throughout the body.

Q2. Differentiate between skeletal and smooth muscles.

Answer:  Skeletal muscles are voluntary, striated, and multinucleated, responsible for body movements.

Smooth muscles are involuntary, non-striated, single nucleated, and control the functions of internal organs.

Q3. Name three facial muscles and their functions.

Answer:   1. Frontalis – raises eyebrows.

2. Orbicularis oculi – closes eyelids.

3. Buccinator – helps in chewing and blowing.

Q4. Which muscle is responsible for rotating and bending the head?

Answer: The sternocleidomastoid muscle helps in rotating and bending the head.

Q5. Define flexion and extension with examples.

Answer:  Flexion: Decreasing the angle between two parts, e.g., bending the elbow.

Extension: Increasing the angle, e.g., straightening the elbow.

Q6. What is abduction and adduction?

Answer:   Abduction: Movement away from the body’s midline, e.g., raising the arm sideways.

Adduction: Movement towards the midline, e.g., lowering the arm back.

Q7. Write the function of deltoid muscle.

Answer: The deltoid muscle lifts the arm and gives the shoulder its rounded shape.