Class 12 Political Science Important Questions and Answers | Contemporary World Politics in English

 Class 12 Political Science – Important Questions and Answers

Contemporary World Politics – Board Exam Preparation

Q1. Highlight any four features of the Soviet system in the former Soviet Union.

Answer:

1. One-party rule: The Communist Party controlled all political power.

2. Centralized planning: The economy worked through Five-Year Plans.

3. State ownership: Industries, agriculture, and trade were owned by the state.

4. Social welfare system: Free education, healthcare, and employment were guaranteed.

Q2. What is meant by Shock Therapy? Explain any four consequences.

Answer:

Meaning:

Shock Therapy refers to the sudden shift from a socialist economy to a capitalist economy after the USSR disintegration.

Consequences:

1. Rise in prices: Goods became expensive due to free-market pricing.

2. Unemployment: Many state industries closed down.

3. Increase in poverty: Inequality grew sharply.

4. Economic instability: Production declined and currency became weak.

Q3. The European Union is a highly influential regional organization. Justify with four points.

Answer:

1. Strong economic power: It is one of the world’s largest economies.

2. Common currency (Euro): Many EU countries use the Euro, boosting trade.

3. Political influence: EU plays a major role in global diplomacy and policymaking.

4. Military cooperation: NATO partnership strengthens its defence capacity.

Q4. Describe four objectives of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC).

Answer:

1. Single market: Free movement of goods, services, and investments.

2. Competitive region: Improving productivity to compete globally.

3. Equitable development: Reducing economic gaps among member nations.

4. Integration in world economy: Enhancing global trade participation.

Q5. China’s economic growth has not benefited everyone. State four reasons.

Answer:

1. Regional inequality: Coastal regions developed faster than inland areas.

2. Rural–urban gap: Cities benefited more than villages.

3. Private sector dominance: Wealth concentrated in the hands of a few.

4. Labour exploitation: Low wages and long working hours for workers.

Q6. Why is South Asia a conflict-prone region?

Answer:

1. India–Pakistan conflict: Mainly due to Kashmir.

2. Border disputes: India-China, India-Nepal, India-Bangladesh issues.

3. Internal conflicts: Sri Lanka, Nepal, and Afghanistan face civil unrest.q

4. Terrorism: Cross-border terrorism increases tensions.

Q7. What is Veto power? Which countries have it?

Answer:

Meaning:

Veto power allows a permanent member of the UNSC to reject any decision.

Countries with Veto power:

1. United States

2. Russia

3. China

4. France

5. United Kingdom

Q8. Describe the organizational structure and functioning of the UNSC.

Answer:

1. Members: 15 members – 5 permanent and 10 non-permanent (elected for 2 years).

2. Veto power: Permanent members can block any proposal.

3. Main function: Maintain international peace, impose sanctions, send peacekeeping forces.

4. Decision-making: Minimum 9 votes required and no veto from permanent members.

Q9. What is meant by the traditional concept of internal and external security?

Answer:

Internal security:

Protection from internal threats like riots, terrorism, insurgency, and crime.

External security:

Protection from external attacks, wars, and cross-border threats.