Political science notes class 11 & 12, Beauty & Wellness class 9 and 10 by Bhavya Solanki

  Class 8 Science Holiday Homework.                                Section A: The Invisible World 1. Bread Mould Activity Aim To observe the growth of bread mould on a slice of bread. Observation I kept a slice of bread in a warm and moist place for five days. On the first day, the bread looked normal. After a few days, small green and black spots appeared. These spots gradually spread over the bread. The mould looked soft and cotton-like. Bread mould is a type of fungus that grows on moist food. Diagram provided below. 2. Types of Microorganisms A. Bacteria Uses: Used in making curd. Improve soil fertility. Help in the production of medicines. Harms: Cause diseases such as cholera and typhoid. Diagram provided below. B. Virus Uses: Used in scientific research. Help in the development of vaccines. Harms: Cause diseases such as COVID-19, polio, and influenza. Diag...

 हिंदी वर्णमाला (स्वर और व्यंजन) शब्दों सहित अ – अनार आ – आम इ – इमली ई – ईख उ – उल्लू ऊ – ऊन ऋ – ऋषि ए – एड़ी ऐ – ऐनक ओ – ओखली औ – औरत अं – अंगूर अः – दुःख क – कबूतर ख – खरगोश ग – गमला घ – घर ङ – ङ (अलग शब्द प्रायः नहीं पढ़ाया जाता) च – चम्मच छ – छाता ज – जहाज झ – झंडा ञ – ञ (अलग शब्द प्रायः नहीं पढ़ाया जाता) ट – टमाटर ठ – ठठेरा ड – डमरू ढ – ढोल ण – गणेश त – तरबूज थ – थर्मस द – दवात ध – धनुष न – नल प – पतंग फ – फल ब – बकरी भ – भालू म – मछली य – यज्ञ र – रथ ल – लड्डू व – वन श – शेर ष – षट्कोण स – सेब ह – हाथी क्ष – क्षत्रिय त्र – त्रिशूल ज्ञ – ज्ञानी श्र – श्रद्धा केवल वर्णमाला अ आ इ ई उ ऊ ऋ ए ऐ ओ औ अं अः क ख ग घ ङ च छ ज झ ञ ट ठ ड ढ ण त थ द ध न प फ ब भ म य र ल व श ष स ह क्ष त्र ज्ञ श्र ।

RESHAPING THE INDIAN POLITICAL MAP 👑 RULERS -  Shivaji Maharaj Founded the Maratha Empire Used Guerrilla Warfare -  Sambhaji Continued Maratha resistance -  Aurangzeb Mughal Emperor Fought against the Marathas -  Hyder Ali Ruler of Mysore Strengthened the Mysore Kingdom -  Tipu Sultan Fought against the British Improved trade and military -  Maharaja Ranjit Singh Founded the Sikh Empire United Punjab 🏰 EMPIRES Mughal Empire Maratha Empire Sikh Empire Kingdom of Mysore ⚔️ BATTLES Battle of Pratapgarh Shivaji vs Afzal Khan Anglo-Mysore Wars Mysore vs British East India Company Maratha–Mughal Conflicts Marathas vs Mughals ✊ RESISTANCE Marathas resisted Mughal rule Mysore resisted British expansion Sikhs resisted foreign invasions Regional rulers protected their territories 💰 ECONOMY Agriculture was the main occupation Collection of land revenue Growth of trade and markets Handicrafts and textile production Trade through ports and towns 🎨 Layout for A3 Shee...

The Rise of Maratha Power in India The rise of Maratha power is an important chapter in Indian history. The Marathas became a strong force in India during the seventeenth century. They challenged the power of the Mughal Empire and established their own kingdom. The rise of the Marathas was mainly due to the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, who is remembered as one of the greatest rulers of India. The Marathas lived in the region of present-day Maharashtra. This area had many hills and forts, which helped them defend themselves from enemies. The people of this region were brave, hardworking, and skilled in warfare. During that time, the Deccan region was controlled by different rulers, including the Mughals and the Sultan of Bijapur. Shivaji was born in 1630 at Shivneri Fort. His father, Shahaji Bhonsle, was a military officer, and his mother, Jijabai, greatly influenced him. She taught him about courage, justice, and love for his people. From a young age, Shivaji dreamed of c...

The Rise of Maratha Power in India Introduction The rise of Maratha power is one of the most important chapters in Indian history. The Marathas emerged as a strong political force in western India during the seventeenth century and gradually challenged the authority of the Mughal Empire. Under the leadership of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj and his successors, the Marathas built a powerful kingdom that later expanded into a vast empire. Their courage, military skills, efficient administration, and strong sense of independence played a significant role in shaping the history of India. Background of the Marathas The Marathas were mainly inhabitants of the Deccan region, which is now part of Maharashtra. The region consisted of hills, forests, and forts that provided natural protection. The people of this area were hardworking, brave, and accustomed to a difficult life. During the seventeenth century, the Deccan was divided among several powers, including the Mughals, the Sultanate of ...